A 10-year-old child exhibits anemia and frequent bone fractures. Radiographic imaging reveals widespread increased bone density. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Explanation

The presentation of anemia, recurrent fractures, and diffuse bone sclerosis on X-ray is characteristic of osteopetrosis. This condition results from defective osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, leading to abnormally dense but brittle bones. Osteogenesis imperfecta typically presents with brittle bones but does not cause increased bone density. Osteochondroma is a benign bone tumor and does not cause diffuse sclerosis or anemia. Hyperparathyroidism leads to bone resorption rather than increased density.