According to Article 45 of the Qanun-e-Shahadat, admissions do not serve as definitive proof of the facts admitted but can function as ____________?

Explanation

Under Article 45 of the Qanun-e-Shahadat, admissions are not treated as conclusive proof of the facts they relate to; however, they may operate as an estoppel, preventing a party from denying the admitted facts.