According to Marx's theory, what does the 'mode of production' refer to?

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The specific process used to manufacture goods within a factoryA typical indicator of productivity levels in capitalist economiesThe arrangement of a society's technical systems and labor forcesA fundamental component of a society's superstructure

Explanation

The mode of production in Marxist theory denotes how a society organizes its technical means and human labor to produce goods and services, encompassing both the forces and relations of production.