What causes a lasting alteration in the composition of soil?

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Formation of ionic bondsVariations in soil pH levelsCreation of covalent bondsReplacement of ions in the crystal lattice (isomorphic substitution)No change

Explanation

Permanent changes in soil composition primarily occur due to isomorphic substitution, where one ion in the mineral structure is replaced by another of similar size but different charge. This process alters the soil's mineral properties irreversibly, unlike temporary changes caused by pH fluctuations or bonding types.