What causes the absolute refractory period during an action potential?

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Lack of adequate neurotransmitter releaseReduction of sodium ions inside the cellFailure of the Na+/K+ ATPase pumpVoltage-dependent inactivation of sodium channelsIncreased potassium conductance

Explanation

The absolute refractory period occurs because sodium channels become temporarily inactivated due to voltage changes, preventing another action potential from being initiated until they reset.