What does the demographic transition primarily involve?

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A decrease in population due to more people leaving than arrivingShifts in leading causes of illness and mortality following industrial progressRising birth and death rates leading to a predominantly youthful populationLower birth rates, longer lifespans, and an increasingly older population

Explanation

The demographic transition refers to the process characterized by falling birth rates, increased life expectancy, and an aging population, rather than changes in migration, disease causes, or simultaneous high birth and death rates.