What does the term 'Keiretsu' signify?

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Networks of related firms loosely connected through a major banking institutionHorizontal production alliances centered on a key company and its collaboratorsEntrepreneurs supported by government initiativesExclusive financial groups

Explanation

Keiretsu describes networks of affiliated companies that are loosely arranged around a central bank. This structure distinguishes it from horizontal manufacturing alliances, government-backed entrepreneurs, or exclusive financial circles.