What does the term 'proportional limit' refer to in material science?

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The highest stress experienced by a materialThe smallest force needed to fracture a materialThe greatest stress a material can endure without undergoing permanent deformationThe maximum stretch a material can undergo before breaking

Explanation

The proportional limit is the maximum stress level a material can sustain while still returning to its original shape once the load is removed, meaning no permanent deformation occurs beyond this point.