What is the term for materials like straw, sawdust, leaves, plastic sheets, or loose soil that are applied on the soil surface to shield it and plant roots from rain impact, crust formation, freezing, or moisture loss?

Explanation

Mulch refers to any organic or inorganic material such as straw, leaves, sawdust, plastic films, or loose soil that is spread over the soil surface. Its primary purpose is to protect the soil and plant roots from damage caused by raindrops, prevent soil crusting, reduce freezing effects, and minimize evaporation.