What term is used for fine-grained rocks that develop on the Earth's surface?

Explanation

Extrusive igneous rocks are fine-grained because they cool quickly on or near the Earth's surface, preventing large crystals from forming. In contrast, intrusive (plutonic) rocks cool slowly beneath the surface, resulting in coarse grains. Sedimentary rocks form from deposited material, and metamorphic rocks are altered by heat and pressure.