What type of soil is characterized by a saturation extract electrical conductivity exceeding 4 dS/m, an exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) below 15, and typically has a pH value under 8.5?

Explanation

Saline soils are identified by having a saturation extract electrical conductivity greater than 4 dS/m, an exchangeable sodium percentage less than 15, and a pH generally below 8.5. This distinguishes them from saline-sodic soils and sodic soils, which have different levels of sodium and pH characteristics.