When authorities impose taxes on polluters or add extra fees for pesticide usage, these actions represent which of the following?

Explanation

The government charging taxes on polluters or surcharges for pesticide use is an example of internalizing negative externalities, where the external costs of pollution are incorporated into the polluter's expenses. This approach encourages polluters to reduce harmful activities. It is not an example of Coase's theorem, marginal abatement cost, or free rider behavior.