Which intellectual figure significantly influenced early 20th-century authors, prompting them to rethink human identity in fundamentally new ways?

Explanation

Both Sigmund Freud and Sir James Frazer played crucial roles in shaping early twentieth-century literature by encouraging writers to explore and redefine concepts of human identity. In contrast, Immanuel Kant's influence was less direct in this specific literary context, making the correct choice those thinkers excluding Kant.