Which of the following contribute to the challenges faced in urban areas?

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The migration of middle-class residents and businesses to suburban areasThe decreasing tax revenue within central city neighborhoodsA large portion of the population experiencing poverty and social immobilityAll of the above factors combined

Explanation

The urban crisis is driven by several interconnected issues: the relocation of the middle class and industries to the suburbs, the shrinking tax base in inner-city areas, and a significant number of residents facing deprivation and limited opportunities. Therefore, all these factors collectively contribute to urban difficulties.