Which of the following expressions correctly represent the power factor in an electrical circuit?

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The ratio of resistance to impedance (R/Z)The cosine of the phase difference between voltage and currentThe ratio of active power (kW) to apparent power (kVA)The proportion of useful current to total current (Iw/I)All of the above

Explanation

Power factor can be defined in multiple equivalent ways: as the ratio of resistance to impedance (R/Z), the cosine of the phase angle between voltage and current, the ratio of active power to apparent power (kW/kVA), or the ratio of useful current to total current (Iw/I). Therefore, all the given options correctly represent the power factor.