Which of the following factors can contribute to women earning lower wages than men?

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Women acquiring less human capital due to plans of not working continuously until retirement ageWomen intermittently leaving and rejoining the workforce to take care of childrenClients showing a preference for interacting with menWomen choosing to work in environments that are pleasant, clean, and safeAll of the above factors

Explanation

Each of these factors can lead to women receiving lower pay compared to men: reduced human capital accumulation from breaks in continuous work, workforce interruptions for childcare, customer biases favoring men, and women opting for safer and more comfortable workplaces. Therefore, all these reasons collectively contribute to the wage disparity.