Which of the following measures excludes earnings generated by residents or companies abroad?

Explanation

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) only accounts for the value of goods and services produced within a country's borders, excluding income earned by individuals or corporations outside the country. In contrast, Gross National Product (GNP) and Gross National Income (GNI) include income from abroad, while Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) is a method to compare economic productivity and standards of living between countries.