Which of the following works does not belong to the Gothic literary tradition?

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Vathek by William BeckfordThe Monk authored by Matthew LewisRoderick Ransome written by Tobias SmollettThe Italian by Ann RadcliffeNone of the above

Explanation

Both Vathek by William Beckford, The Monk by Matthew Lewis, and The Italian by Ann Radcliffe are classic examples of Gothic literature, featuring dark, supernatural, and mysterious themes. In contrast, Roderick Ransome by Tobias Smollett does not fall within the Gothic genre.