Which option most accurately describes the literary theory known as formalism?

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A method that focuses on analyzing the literary techniques within a textA method that prioritizes the historical background surrounding a textA method that centers on the author's personal life and intentions in a textA method that highlights racial themes present in a text

Explanation

Formalism is a literary theory that concentrates on the use of literary elements and techniques within the text itself, rather than external factors such as history, biography, or social issues.