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Attitudes, Attributions And Social Cognition
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Attitudes, Attributions And Social Cognition – MCQs
16 questions. Click to practice.
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Correct options are highlighted when revealed.
1.
What term describes widely accepted mental images of social groups and their members, encompassing typical behaviors and traits?
Role schemas
Individual schemas
Actor-observer bias
Stereotypes
Prejudices
2.
Which of the following statements about the self-serving bias is accurate?
The intensity of the self-serving bias remains consistent across different cultures.
People generally credit their achievements to personal qualities while blaming failures on outside circumstances.
The self-serving bias is primarily explained by cognitive mechanisms.
Assigning success to external factors is known as the self-enhancing bias.
3.
Which characteristics of schemas contribute to their effectiveness in organizing our social experiences and information?
Schemas help conserve mental energy
Schemas improve the ability to remember information
Schemas are formed from expectations and previous experiences
Schemas have the ability to trigger emotional responses
All of these statements are true
4.
Once schemas are developed and reinforced through experience, they become integrated frameworks. Which of the following statements accurately describes the interaction between schemas and new information?
Well-established schemas are easily altered when they encounter contradictory evidence.
The concept of exceptions aligning with the rule fits the sub-typing model of how stereotypes evolve.
According to the book-keeping model, contradictory examples of a stereotype are placed into special 'exception' categories without altering the main schema.
The conversion model suggests schemas are gradually adjusted with every new piece of information received.
Schemas remain fixed and do not change regardless of new information.
5.
According to Devine's research on stereotype activation, which type of information processing about individuals occurs without conscious awareness, and which type involves intentional and conscious effort?
Automatic; controlled
Controlled; automatic
Schematic; revised
Subtype; evaluative
Implicit; explicit
6.
Before applying a framework to a social entity, we must first classify it. Which of the following statements about classification is INCORRECT?
We typically categorize things automatically without much deliberate thought.
The foundational research on classification was conducted by cognitive scientist Eleanor Rosch and her team.
Classifying events involves greater complexity compared to categorizing non-living objects.
Members of a social category that symbolize the entire category are called exemplars.
7.
In what way does the ultimate attribution error (UAE) differ from other common attribution biases like the fundamental attribution error, self-serving bias, and actor-observer effect?
UAE is the foundation for all other attribution biases
UAE involves attribution errors made at the group level
UAE exclusively concerns ingroup members
UAE pertains to attribution mistakes made about individuals
Both A and B are correct
8.
Based on Kelley’s covariation model, if Sylvia consistently laughs at all comedians, which characteristics best describe her behavior?
Strong consistency
Low uniqueness
High agreement
All of the above
Both strong consistency and low uniqueness
9.
Although the Jones-Davis (1965) and Kelley (1967) attribution models portray the social perceiver as a logical thinker, research has revealed several common biases in attribution. Which of the following is NOT considered one of these common attribution biases?
The fundamental attribution error.
The actor-observer discrepancy.
The self-enhancement bias.
The critical attribution error.
10.
Based on McGuire’s (1969) information-processing model of persuasion, a message must pass through six specific stages to effectively influence behavior. Which of the following is NOT one of these stages?
Stage of gaining attention
Stage of memory retention
Stage of acceptance
Stage of fielding
11.
According to the theory of planned behavior, which elements shape an individual's intention to perform a particular behavior?
Personal attitudes toward the behavior
Social pressures or subjective norms related to the behavior
Objective societal norms influencing the behavior
The perceived ease or difficulty of executing the behavior
Options A, B, and D combined
12.
Festinger and his team found that participants paid $1 for performing a boring task rated the task more positively than those paid $20. Which psychological theory explains why individuals change their genuine attitudes to align with their previous or current actions?
Theory of attribution
Observer-actor bias
Theory of cognitive dissonance
Theory of intentional behavior
Theory of observational learning
13.
According to Fishbein and Ajzen's research, to establish a strong connection between attitudes and behaviors, it is essential to evaluate several behaviors related to the attitude in question. What is this type of evaluation called?
Multiple-act criterion
Multi-behaviour criterion
Multi-attitude assessment
Attitude-behaviour consistency
None of these
14.
Which of the following best defines a key term related to the behavioural component of attitude?
Counter-attitudinal advocacy refers to adopting and expressing an opinion in a simulated scenario that conflicts with one’s original attitude.
Cognitive dissonance theory explains the uncomfortable feeling people experience when their actions do not align with their attitudes, leading them to adjust their behaviour to restore consistency.
Self-perception theory suggests that individuals infer their own attitudes by observing their behaviour toward an object, especially when no external justification is apparent.
Self-perception occurs when an individual engages in behaviour that directly opposes their initial attitude.
15.
Which elements constitute the three-part model of attitude formation?
Thoughts, beliefs, and ideas
Favorable, unfavorable, and neutral feelings
Assumptions, facts, and misconceptions
Cognitions, feelings, and actions
Actions, intentions, and emotions
16.
Based on the findings of Petty, Cacioppo, and their team, under what condition do individuals engage in more thoughtful processing of a message and depend less on superficial cues?
The message is easy to remember
The message holds significant personal importance
The message contains humor
The message has little personal significance
The message is delivered by a non-expert