What do economists refer to when they talk about financial crowding out?

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Restrictions on the availability of loansGovernment borrowing causes interest rates to increaseRegulations by the Bank of England on lending by commercial banksGovernment borrowing reduces funds available for private sector investment

Explanation

Financial crowding out occurs when government borrowing leads to higher interest rates, which can discourage private investment. This effect is distinct from credit rationing, regulatory controls by the central bank, or the direct unavailability of funds to private investors.